Direct Particle Interaction as the Origin of the Quantal Behaviours

It is argued that the quantal behaviours may be understood in the framework of direct particle interactions. A specific example is introduced. The assumed potential predicts that at sufficiently large distances quantal behaviours arise, while at very large distances gravitational-like forces are present. The latter is true provided all particles have internal structures. 1 Direct Particle Interaction Versus Field Theory In formulating his ideas and those of former physicists about motion and gravitation, Newton made two fundamental assumptions: (a)– He postulated the presence of absolute space and time — physical objects which act on the particles, but are not acted upon by them. (b)– He assumed that absolute space is isotropic and homogeneous and that DIRECT PARTICLE INTERACTION, A. SHOJAI & M. GOLSHANI 2 absolute time is also homogeneous. In other words, he supposed that physics is invariant under Galileo’s transformations. An important result of these assumptions is that the particles interact at a distance, i.e. information propagates with infinite velocity[1]. Theories containing action-at-a-distance (AAAD) interactions are examples of direct particle interaction (DPI) theories. Some people felt uncomfortable with the above assumptions. Philosophers like Berkeley, Leibnitz, Mach and others, argued that the only physically meaningful thing for moving particles is the relative motion and thus it is difficult and unnecessary to believe in absolute space and time. It is possible to show that such a relational physics must be invariant under Leibnitz transformations[2]: